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High efficiency coherent beam combining of semiconductor optical amplifiers

Published in:
Opt. Lett., Vol. 37, No. 23, 1 December 2012, pp. 5006-5008.

Summary

We demonstrate 40 W coherently combined output power in a single diffraction-limited beam from a one-dimensional 47-element array of angled-facet slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers at 1064 nm. The output from each emitter was collimated and overlapped onto a diffractive optical element combiner using a common transform lens. Phase locking was achieved via active feedback on each amplifier's drive current to maximize the power in the combined beam. The combining efficiency at all current levels was nearly constant at 87%.
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Summary

We demonstrate 40 W coherently combined output power in a single diffraction-limited beam from a one-dimensional 47-element array of angled-facet slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers at 1064 nm. The output from each emitter was collimated and overlapped onto a diffractive optical element combiner using a common transform lens. Phase locking was...

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Switchable electrowetting of droplets on dual-scale structured surfaces

Published in:
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, Microelectron. Process. Phenon., Vol. 30, No. 6, November 2012, 06F801.

Summary

The authors report on the development of surfaces containing artificially fabricated structures of dual nanometer and micrometer surfaces that allow an aqueous droplet to be reversibly switched by electrowetting from a Cassie state with low adhesion to a Wenzel state with high adhesion. A variety of geometries were fabricated to study parameters that affect switchable wetting-dewetting. Nanometer parallel corrugations, posts, and holes were fabricated and combined with micrometer features consisting of parallel corrugations, streets, and checkerboard patterns of varying widths and pitches. It was observed that many combinations of the dual-textured surfaces produced superhydrophobic wetting states and aqueous droplets on these surfaces could be electrically controlled to switch from a Cassie state to a Wenzel state. Reversible switching between these wetting states occurred on specific combinations of surface geometries, namely surfaces that had parallel corrugations.
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Summary

The authors report on the development of surfaces containing artificially fabricated structures of dual nanometer and micrometer surfaces that allow an aqueous droplet to be reversibly switched by electrowetting from a Cassie state with low adhesion to a Wenzel state with high adhesion. A variety of geometries were fabricated to...

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Dynamic photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gas detection

Published in:
Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 101, No. 18, 29 October 2012, 184103.

Summary

We present a method of photoacoustic spectroscopy in which a laser beam tuned to an absorption feature of a gas is swept through its plume at the speed of sound. The resulting coherent addition of acoustic waves leads to an amplification of the signal without the need for a resonant chamber, thus enhancing the ability to remotely sense the gas. We demonstrate the concept using a tunable CO2 laser and SF6 gas in conjunction with a microphone. Sound pressure levels of 83 dB (relative to 20 uPa) are generated from a 15-ppm plume.
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Summary

We present a method of photoacoustic spectroscopy in which a laser beam tuned to an absorption feature of a gas is swept through its plume at the speed of sound. The resulting coherent addition of acoustic waves leads to an amplification of the signal without the need for a resonant...

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Reversible electrowetting on dual-scale-patterned corrugated microstructured surfaces

Published in:
J. of Microeletromechanical Systems, Vol. 21, No. 5, October 2012, pp. 1261-71.

Summary

The ability to reversibly switch between a hydrophobic Cassie state and a hydrophilic Wenzel state is often not possible on textured surfaces because of energy barriers which result from the geometry of the microstructure. In this paper, we report on a simple microstructure geometry that allows an aqueous droplet to be reversibly switched between these states by the application of electrowetting. We demonstrate reversible electrowetting in air on microstructured surfaces consisting of parallel corrugations and show that this geometry can be engineered to produce a Cassie state and can be electrically controlled to switch to a Wenzel wetting state having high adhesion. When the electric field was removed, we observed spontaneous dewetting along the corrugations as the droplet transitioned from the Wenzel state back to a Cassie state.
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Summary

The ability to reversibly switch between a hydrophobic Cassie state and a hydrophilic Wenzel state is often not possible on textured surfaces because of energy barriers which result from the geometry of the microstructure. In this paper, we report on a simple microstructure geometry that allows an aqueous droplet to...

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Quantum simulator of an open quantum system using superconducting qubits: exciton transport in photosynthetic complexes

Published in:
New J. Phys., Vol. 14, October 2012, 105013.

Summary

Open quantum system approaches are widely used in the description of physical, chemical and biological systems. A famous example is electronic excitation transfer in the initial stage of photosynthesis, where harvested energy is transferred with remarkably high efficiency to a reaction center. This transport is affected by the motion of a structured vibrational environment, which makes simulations on a classical computer very demanding. Here we propose an analog quantum simulator of complex open system dynamics with a precisely engineered quantum environment. Our setup is based on superconducting circuits, a well established technology. As an example, we demonstrate that it is feasible to simulate exciton transport in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson photosynthetic complex. Our approach allows for a controllable single-molecule simulation and the investigation of energy transfer pathways as well as non-Markovian noise-correlation effects.
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Summary

Open quantum system approaches are widely used in the description of physical, chemical and biological systems. A famous example is electronic excitation transfer in the initial stage of photosynthesis, where harvested energy is transferred with remarkably high efficiency to a reaction center. This transport is affected by the motion of...

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Super-homogenous saturation of microwave-photonic gain in optoeletronic oscillator systems

Published in:
IEEE Photonics J., Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2012, pp. 1256-1266.
Topic:

Summary

We show that the saturation characteristic of microwave-photonic gain is "superhomogeneous" such that the gain of a weaker tone saturates more rapidly than that of a stronger tone when both signals are transmitted over an intensity-modulated optical link. Using this gain model, we simulate the effect of nonlinear gain saturation on the performance of a slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW)-based optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). We verify our simulations with experimental measurements and show that low sidemode levels (< -110 dBc) can be achieved even when multiple modes can oscillate within the passband of the OEO loop filter.
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Summary

We show that the saturation characteristic of microwave-photonic gain is "superhomogeneous" such that the gain of a weaker tone saturates more rapidly than that of a stronger tone when both signals are transmitted over an intensity-modulated optical link. Using this gain model, we simulate the effect of nonlinear gain saturation...

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High dynamic range suppressed-bias microwave photonic links using unamplified semiconductor laser source

Published in:
AVFOP 2012: IEEE Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Tech. Conf., 11-13 September 2012, pp. 28-9.

Summary

Microwave photonic (MWP) links with a low noise figure and high dynamic range are required for antenna remoting, radio-over-fiber (RoF), and other advanced applications. MWP links have recently been demonstrated with noise figures approaching 3 dB, without any electrical preamplification, by using low-noise high-power laser sources in conjunction with efficient optical intensity modulators and high-power photodetectors. An alternate approach to noise figure reduction, suitable for sub-octave links, is based on using a high-power laser source and shifting the bias point of an external optical intensity modulator to reduce the average photocurrent and suppress excess link noise. Here, we report the performance of a novel slab-coupled optical waveguide external-cavity laser (SCOWECL) in a suppressed bias MWP link. We compare the performance of this link with a suppressed-bias link using a source comprising a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) laser and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and show that MWP links built using SCOW-based emitter technology offer superior performance due to the small-form factor, high-efficiency, low-noise, and high power laser source.
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Summary

Microwave photonic (MWP) links with a low noise figure and high dynamic range are required for antenna remoting, radio-over-fiber (RoF), and other advanced applications. MWP links have recently been demonstrated with noise figures approaching 3 dB, without any electrical preamplification, by using low-noise high-power laser sources in conjunction with efficient...

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Amplifier-free slab-coupled optical waveguide optoelectronic oscillator systems

Published in:
Opt. Express, Vol. 20, No. 17, 13 August 2012, pp. 19589-19598.
Topic:

Summary

We demonstrate a free-running 3-GHz slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with low phase-noise (88 dB down from carrier). The SCOW-OEO uses highpower low-noise SCOW components in a single-loop cavity employing 1.5- km delay. The noise properties of our SCOW external-cavity laser (SCOWECL) and SCOW photodiode (SCOWPD) are characterized and shown to be suitable for generation of high spectral purity microwave tones. Through comparisons made with SCOW-OEO topologies employing amplification, we observe the sidemode levels to be degraded by any amplifiers (optical or RF) introduced within the OEO cavity.
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Summary

We demonstrate a free-running 3-GHz slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with low phase-noise (88 dB down from carrier). The SCOW-OEO uses highpower low-noise SCOW components in a single-loop cavity employing 1.5- km delay. The noise properties of our SCOW external-cavity laser (SCOWECL) and SCOW photodiode (SCOWPD) are characterized...

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Nanosatellites for Earth environmental monitoring: the MicroMAS project

Summary

The Micro-sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite (MicroMAS) is a 3U cubesat (34x10x10 cm, 4.5 kg) hosting a passive microwave spectrometer operating near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line. The focus of the first MicroMAS mission (hereafter, MicroMAS-1) is to observe convective thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, and hurricanes from a near-equatorial orbit at approximately 500-km altitude. A MicroMAS flight unit is currently being developed in anticipation of a 2014 launch. A parabolic reflector is mechanically rotated as the spacecraft orbits the earth, thus directing a cross-track scanned beam with FWHM beamwidth of 2.4-degrees, yielding an approximately 20-km diameter footprint at nadir incidence from a nominal altitude of 500 km. Radiometric calibration is carried out using observations of cold space, the earth?s limb, and an internal noise diode that is weakly coupled through the RF front-end electronics. A key technology feature is the development of an ultra-compact intermediate frequency processor module for channelization, detection, and A-to-D conversion. The antenna system and RF front-end electronics are highly integrated and miniaturized. A MicroMAS-2 mission is currently being planned using a multiband spectrometer operating near 118 and 183 GHz in a sunsynchronous orbit of approximately 800-km altitude. A HyMAS- 1 (Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Satellite) mission with approximately 50 channels near 118 and 183 GHz is also being planned. In this paper, the mission concept of operations will be discussed, the radiometer payload will be described, and the spacecraft subsystems (avionics, power, communications, attitude determination and control, and mechanical structures) will be summarized.
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Summary

The Micro-sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite (MicroMAS) is a 3U cubesat (34x10x10 cm, 4.5 kg) hosting a passive microwave spectrometer operating near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line. The focus of the first MicroMAS mission (hereafter, MicroMAS-1) is to observe convective thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, and hurricanes from a near-equatorial orbit at approximately...

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Loading of a surface-electrode ion trap from a remote, precooled source

Published in:
Phys. Rev. A, At. Mol. Opt. Phys., Vol. 86, No. 1, 20 July 2012, 013417.

Summary

We demonstrate loading of ions into a surface-electrode trap (SET) from a remote, laser-cooled source of neutral atoms. We first cool and load ~10^6 neutral 88Sr atoms into a magneto-optical trap from an oven that has no line of sight with the SET. The cold atoms are then pushed with a resonant laser into the trap region where they are subsequently photoionized and trapped in an SET operated at a cryogenic temperature of 4.6 K. We present studies of the loading process and show that our technique achieves ion loading into a shallow (15 meV depth) trap at rates as high as 125 ions/s while drastically reducing the amount of metal deposition on the trap surface as compared with direct loading from a hot vapor. Furthermore, we note that due to multiple stages of isotopic filtering in our loading process, this technique has the potential for enhanced isotopic selectivity over other loading methods. Rapid loading from a clean, isotopically pure, and precooled source may enable scalable quantum-information processing with trapped ions in large, low-depth surface-trap arrays that are not amenable to loading from a hot atomic beam.
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Summary

We demonstrate loading of ions into a surface-electrode trap (SET) from a remote, laser-cooled source of neutral atoms. We first cool and load ~10^6 neutral 88Sr atoms into a magneto-optical trap from an oven that has no line of sight with the SET. The cold atoms are then pushed with...

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